2020年考研英语二模拟题(一).pdf
12020年考研英语二模拟题(一)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, _1_ into a hobby andlately has _2_ into a full-time passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang,PhD candidates _3_ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started their guide in April 1994as a way to keep _4_ of their personal interest on the Internet. Before long they _5_ that theirhomebrewed lists were becoming too long and _6_. Gradually they began to spend more and moretime on Yahoo.During 1994, they _7_ yahoo into a customized database designed to _8_ the needs of thethousands of users _9_ began to use the service through the closely _10_ Internet community.They developed customized software to help them _11_ locate, identify and edit material _12_ onthe Internet. The name Yahoo is _13_ to stand for “Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Orale”, butFilo and Yang insist they selected the _14_ because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo itselffirst _15_ on Yangs workstation, “ akebono ” , while the search engine was _16_ on Filoscomputer, “Konishiki”.In early 1995 Marc Andersen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View,California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files _17_ to larger computers _18_ at Netscape.As a result Stanfords computer network returned to _19_, and both parties benefited. Today, Yahoo_20_ organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.1.A.became B.grew C.turn D. intend2. A. made B.saw C.looked D.turned3. A. in B.on C.about D.for4. A. touch B.contact C. track D. record5. A.founded B.found C.argued D.reported26. A. unwieldy B.tough C. tamable D.invaluable7. A. exchanged B.shank C.sold D.converted8. A. explain B.serve C. discover D.evaluate9. A.which B.that C. actually D.eagerly10. A.relative B.interactive C.bound D.contacted11. A. fluently B.efficiently C.exactly D.actually12. A. transmitted B.purchased C.sold D. stored13.A. about B.bound C.going D.supposed14. A. fable B.model C.name D. brand15. A. supported B.resided C.lived D. launched16. A.connected B.lodged C. introduced D. linked17. A. over B. away C. inside D.beneath18. A. housed B. caught C.hosed D.hidden19. A. average B.normal C. ordinary D.equal20. A. attains B.detains C.maintains D. containsSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer thequestions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Guthries contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break habits.One application of the threshold method involves the time young children spend onacademic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they cansustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane andbehavior problems often result. To apply Guthries theory, a teacher might, at the start of theyear, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could graduallyincrease the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold method also can be applied to teaching printing and handwriting. Whenchildren first learn to form letters, their movements are awkward and they lack fine motor3coordination. The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit theletters into the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students etters wouldspill over the borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letterswithin the larger bordens, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine theirskills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who buildpaper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from theclassroom, give them a large stack of paper, and tell him to start making paper airplanes.After the students have made several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paperwill become a cue for not building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physicaleducation class. To employ the fatigue method, the teacher might decide to have thesestudents continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk andmisbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The media centerteacher might ask the students to find interesting books and read them while in the center.Assuming that the students find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, becomea cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized thatusing the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacherbegan to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, and debates, in anattempt to involve students and raise their interest in the course.21. The purpose of this passage is to _.A. inform B. persuade C. debate D. narrate22. Guthrie identified three methods for _.A. educating students B. altering bad habitsC. avoiding undesired action D. forming good hobbies23. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method?A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food that the child enjoys overtime so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young children andgradually increase session length but not to where students become frustrated or bored.C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is introduced step bystep to help children learn printing and handwriting.D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fun by his parents in order tochange his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.24. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy bysewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over time, watching TV becomesa cue for engaging in an activity other than snacking. What method is used in this example?4A. The threshold method. B. The fatigue method.C. The incompatible response method. D. The punishment method.25. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that _.A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted response repeatedlyin presence of stimulus until he or she becomes exhaustedB. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a responseincompatiblewith the undesired response so they cannot be performed simultaneouslyC. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformed into avoiding it byintroducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes a cue for not performing itD. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child make responseincompatible with unwanted responseText 2The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to makecostly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one ofthe keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumpedinto foreign markets with embarrassing results.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced itsChevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. “Nova” is Latin for “new(star)” and means “star”in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like “nova”, meaning “it doesnt go”.Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name toCaribe, sales “picked up” dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. OneAmerican food companys friendly “Jolly Green Giant” (for advertising vegetables) becamesomething quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”.5When translated into German, Pepsis popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” cameout implying “Come Alive from the Grave”. No wonder customers in Germany didnt rushout to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesnt stop with good translationsother aspects ofculture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography,climate,superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their targetmarket.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new perfume into the LatinAmerican market but the product aroused little interest. The main reason was that the camelliaused in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becomingmuch more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand thetarget language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called “back translation” toreduce the possibility of blunders.The process used one person to translate a message into thetarget language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture the overallmessage of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarelyconveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designingadvertisements for other countries, messages need to be short and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the worldmay not be so humorous in another.26. The best title of this passage might be _.A. Culture Is Very Important in AdvertisingB. Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between NationsC. Overcome Cultural Sock in Different CountriesD. Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles27. What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage?A. hesitation B. mistake C. stutter D. default628. Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph3 to Paragraph 6?A. Cultural shocks B. Faulty translationsC. Avoid cultural oversights D. Prevent blunders29. We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “camellia” mostprobably mean _.A. an animal used in perfume for its smellB. a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funeralsC. a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funeralsD. an ornament used in perfume and at funerals30. One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to _.A.fire the translators who dont know the target languageB. use the technique called “literal translation” to reduce the possibility of blunders C.avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokesD. explain in details when designing advertisement for other countriesText 3It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, andbonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxed in the highest incomebracket went down. Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to thetop, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the bosssjob to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will beswept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about. His business savvy issupposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry so he goes home nightlywith a full briefcase. At the very top-and on the way upexecutives are exceedingly dedicated.TheAmerican executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part ofhis schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife7may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His readingmay largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provides him witha sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These day, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape”and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to takinghighly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctors admonition to “take it easy” falls on deafears. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search firms,” is a growing industry. Americahas great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand thatcompanies regularly raid each others managerial ranks.31. We can infer from the second paragraph that _.A. promotion depends on amiabilityB. chief executives do not work hard enough at the to levelC. it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his subordinates D. a chiefexecutive is expected to know more about his company and the industry32. The term “aerobic exercise” (first line in second last paragraph) is a kind of _. A.hallucination exerciseB. physical exerciseC. meditation exerciseD. entertainment33. From the last paragraph we can gather that _.A. there are too many aggressive executivesB. individual talent is not essential for a companyC. the job of an “executive search firm” is corporate head-huntingD. it is not common for companies to undermine each others managerial ranks34. For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a place where _. A. they canconduct their businessB. they can indulge themselvesC. they can cultivate their mindD. they can exercise as well as socialize35. What is NOT true according to the article?A. Executives tend to ignore doctors advice and warnings.B. Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C.All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D. Executives are careful of what they eat.Text 48In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together with some of his fanatical followers from theultranationalistic Shield Society which he had founded in 1966, broke into the headquarters of JapansEastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up thecommanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech. Mishima addressedthe troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional government imposed by theUnited States that had, in his words, “turned Japan spineless.” Receiving only ridicule in response, hereturned to the gene