2018山东科技大学研究生入学考试707基础英语真题.pdf
山东科技大学2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试基础英语试卷PARTI GRAMMAR like other 19th century Russian writers he is“impressive” because he “means what he says.” But he stands apart from all others and from mostWestern writers in his identity with life, which is so complete as to make us forget he is an artist. He isthe center of his work, but his egocentricity is of a special kind. “Goethe, for example,” says Bayley,“cared for nothing but himself.” Tolstoy was nothing but himself.For all his varied modes of writing and the multiplicity of characters in his fiction, Tolstoy and hiswork are of a piece. The famous “conversion” of his middle years, movingly recounted in his Confession,was a culmination of his early spiritual life, not a departure from it. The apparently fundamental changesthat led from epic narrative to dogmatic parable, from a joyous, buoyant attitude toward life topessimism and cynicism, from War and Peace to The Kreutzer Sonata, came from the same restless,impressionable depths of an independent spirit yearning to get at the truth of its experience. “Truth is myhero,” wrote Tolstoy in his youth, reporting the fighting in Sebastopol. Truth remained his hero-his own,not others truth. Others were awed by Napoleon, believed that a single man could change the destiniesof nations, adhered to meaningless rituals, formed their tastes on established canons of art. Tolstoyreversed all preconceptions, and in every reversal he overthrew the “system”, the “machine,” theexternally ordained belief, the conventional behavior in favor of unsystematic, impulsive life, of inwardmotivation and the solutions of independent thought.In his work the artificial and genuine are always exhibited in dramatic opposition: the supposedlygreat Napoleon and the truly great, unregarded little Captain Tushin, or Nicholas Rostovs actualexperience in battle and his later account for it. The simple is always pitted against the elaborate.Knowledge gained from observation against assertions of borrowed faiths. Tolstoys magical simplicityis a produce of these tensions; his work is a record of the questions he put to himself and of his fictionexemplify this search, and their happiness depends on the measure of their answer. Tolstoy wantedhappiness, but only hard-won happiness, that emotional fulfillment and intellectual clarity which couldcome only as the price of all-consuming effort. He scorned lesser satisfaction.26. Which of the following can best summarize Flauberts statement in the first paragraph?A) The most important aspects of good art are the orderliness and tranquility.B) Masterpieces seem ordinary and unremarkable from the perspective of a later age.C) Important works of art take their place in the pageant of history with uniqueness.D) Great works of art do not explain themselves any more than natural objects do.27. The author quotes from Bayley to show that Tolstoy _A) writes novels that are reports of copying actual events.B) maintains no self-conscious distance from his experience.C) often writes his works in a quite simple way.D) works casually to make his works with inexplicable truth.28. Whats the authors attitude towards Tolstoy?A) She deprecates the cynicism of his later works. B) She finds him theatrically artificial.C) She admires his wholehearted sincerity. D) She thinks his inconsistency disturbing.29. According to the passage, Tolstoys conversion is _A) a radical renunciation of the world.B) the natural consequence of his early beliefs.C) the acceptance of a religion he had rejected.D) the rejection of avant-garde ideas.30. We can infer the following from the passage EXCEPT that_A) Confession belongs to an early period of Tolstoys work.B) in his works Tolstoy might express his discontent to the society.C) the hero wouldnt obtain happiness if he couldnt get the answer.D) the easily-obtained happiness is rejected by Tolstoy.Questions 31to 35are based on the following passage.In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to act a potential buyer with variousinducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. In the health careindustry, however, the doctor-patient relationship is a mirror image of the ordinary relationship betweenproducer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician, the physician usually makesall significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return “next Wednesday”, whetherX-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc.This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need forhospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may bedischarged. The patient maybe consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctorsjudgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eyes of the hospital it is the physician who is thereal “consumer”. As a consequence, the medical staff represents the “power center” in hospital policyand decision-making, not the administration.Although usually, there are in this situation four identifiable participants the physician, thehospital, the patient and the payer (generally an insurance carrier or government) the physician makesthe essential decision for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician; the payergenerally meets most of the bona fide bills generated by the physician / hospital; and for the most part,the patient plays a passive role. In routine or minor illnesses, or just plain worries, the patients optionsare, of course, much greater with respect to use and price. But in illnesses that are of some significance,such choice tends to evaporate. And it is for these illness that the bulk of the health care dollar is spent.We estimate that about 7580 percent of health care expenditures are determined by physicians, notpatients. For this reason, economy measures directed at patients or the general public are relativelyineffective.31. In this passage, the authors primary purpose is to _.A) criticize doctor for exercising too much control over patientB) analyze some important economic factors in health careC) urge hospitals to reclaim their decision-making authorityD) inform potential patient of their health care rights32. It can be inferred that doctors are able to determine hospital policies because_.A) it is doctors who generate income for the hospitalB) most of a patients bills are paid by his health insuranceC) a doctor is ultimately responsible for a patients healthD) administrations lack the expertise to question medical decisions33. According to the author, when a doctor tells a patient to “return next Wednesday”, the doctor is ineffect_.A) taking advantage of the patients concern for his healthB) instructing the patient to buy more medical serviceC) warning the patient that a hospital stay might be necessaryD) advising the patient to seek a second opinion34. The author is most probably leading up to_.A) a proposal to control medical costB) a discussion of new medical treatmentC) a comparison of hospitals and factoriesD) an analysis of causes inflation in the U. S.35. The tone of the author can be best described as_.A) whimsicalB) cautiousC) analyticalD) inquisitiveQuestions 36to 40are based on the following passage.In order to tell what I believe, I must briefly sketch something of my personal history.The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising business career and studymusic. My parents, although sympathetic, and sharing my love of music, disapproved of it as aprofession. This was understandable in view of the family background. My grandfather had taught musicfor nearly forty years at Springhill College in Mobile and, though much beloved and respected in thecommunity, earned barely enough to provide for his large family. My father often said it was only thehardheaded thriftiness of my grandmother that kept the wolf at bay. As a consequence of this example inthe family, the very mention of music as a profession carried with it a picture of a precarious existencewith uncertain financial rewards. My parents insisted upon college instead of a conservatory of music,and to college I went quite happily, as I remember, for although I loved my violin and spent most ofmy spare time practicing, I had many other interests.Before my graduation form Columbia, the family met with severe financial reverses and I felt it myduty to leave college and take a job. Thus I launched upon a business career which I always think ofas the wasted years.Now I do not for a moment mean to disparage business. My whole point is that it was not for me. Iwent into it for money, and aside from the satisfaction of being able to help the family, money is all I gotout of it. It was not enough. I felt that life was passing me by. From being merely discontented I becameacutely miserable. My one ambition was to save enough to quit and go to Europe to study music. I usedto get up at dawn to practice before I left for “downtown”, distracting my poor mother by bolting a hastybreakfast at the last minute. Instead of lunching with my business associates, I would seek out somecheap caf, order a meager meal and scribble my harmony exercises. I continued to make money, andfinally, bit by bit, accumulated enough to enable me to go abroad. The family being once more solvent,and my help no longer necessary, I resigned from my position and, feeling like a man released from jail,sailed for Europe. I stayed four years, worked harder than I had ever dreamed of working before andenjoyed every minute of it.“Enjoyed” is too mild a word. I walked on air. I really lived. I was a free man and I was doing whatI loved to do and what I was meant to do.If I had stayed in business, I might be a comparatively wealthy man today, but I do not believe Iwould have made a success of living. I would have given up all those intangibles, those innersatisfactions, that money can never buy, and that are too often sacrificed when a mans primary goal isfinancial success.When I broke away from business, it was against the advice of practically all my friends and family.So conditioned are most of us to the association of success with money that the thought of giving up agood salary for an idea seemed little short of insane. If so, all I can say is “Gee! Its great to be crazy.”Money is a wonderful thing, but it is possible to pay too high a price for it.36. What is the rhetoric device used in the sentence “it was only the hardheaded thriftiness of mygrandmother that kept the wolf at bay” in Paragraph Two?A) Synecdoche B) SimileC) Personification D) Metaphor37. The point of Paragraph Four is about _A) how painfully the author endured his business career for his goal of music.B) how boring the authors business career was that he could not wait to quit.C) how busy the authors business career was that he rarely had good breakfasts.D) how depressed the author felt because he had to support the whole family.38. The sentence “I walked on air” in Paragraph Five indicates that the author _A) could not find his place in a totally new environment.B) felt at loss when beginning a new life away from home.C) was exceedingly happy because he had quitted his job which he didnt like to do.D) felt elevated and optimistic because he was doing what he loved to do.39. According to the authors view, money is _A) nothing but impediment to success.B) valuable but not the most important.C) sometimes equaled to success.D) capable of offering people freedom.40. Tothe author, the real success in his life is _A) to help his family out of financial trouble.B) to earn enough money so as to do what he wants to do.C) to gain inner satisfaction from what he loves to do.D) to work hard and try to enjoy the work itself.PARTIII TRANSLATION (50points)SECTIONA: CHINESETO ENGLISH (25points)Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentencesinto English.哲学家有些不食人间烟火,他远离田野车间,甚至也不拿天文望远镜观察天体,而只是坐在静谧的书斋里读书、思考,思索那些具有终极意义、虚无缥缈的本体问题。哲学家孤苦伶仃,独处一室之中。面对古往今来的大哲学家遗留下来的问题,他苦苦沉思。他唯一的财富是文本,哲学因而就是解释文本,而不是解释宇宙。哲学家只是一味地同古往今来的灵魂交谈他读书,是同古昔人物交谈;他写作,是同子孙后代交谈;他讲演,是同莘莘学子交谈;他沉思,是同自己交谈。他长于洞见,洞见未来;他善于遐想,遐想无限;他耽于梦幻,幻游彼岸;他富于关怀,关怀永恒。他同远在天涯的哲人和精神交谈,在这个意义上,他视通万里,思接千载。他伟大,他不朽,他同古往今来的灵魂对话。SECTION B: ENGLISHTO CHINESE (25points)Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentencesinto Chinese.The Value of Time“Time,” says the proverb, “is money”. This means that every moment well-spent may put somemoney into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either turn out some useful andimportant piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience andincrease our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. Let those,who think nothing of wasting time, remember this.Our life is nothing more than our time. To kill time is therefore a form of suicide. We are shockedwhen we think of death, and we spare no pains, no trouble, and no expense to preserve life. But we aretoo often indifferent to the loss of an hour or of a day, forgetting that our life is the sum total of the daysand of the hours we live. A day or an hour wasted is therefore so much life forfeited. Our life is a briefspan measuring some seventy or eighty years in all.But nearly one third of this has to be spent in sleep; some years have to be spent over our meals;some in making journeys on land and voyages by sea; some in merry-making; some in watching over thesick-beds of our nearest and dearest relatives.Now if all these years were to be deducted from the term over which our life extends, we shall findabout twenty or thirty years at our disposal for active work. Whoever remembers this can never willinglywaste a single moment of his life.All time is precious; but the time of our childhood and of our youth is more precious than any otherportion of our existence. For those are the periods when alone we can acquire knowledge and developour capacities. If we allow these morning hours of life to slip away, we shall never be able to recoup theloss. Just as money laid out at interest doubles and trebles itself in time, so the precious hours ofchildhood and youth, if properly used, will yield us incalculable advantages.PARTIVWRITING(40 points)Directions: It is the duty of sons and daughters to take care of their parents. However, due to the pressurefrom work or their own family, some of them are not able to look after their parents, so they send theirparents to elderly nursing homes instead. Some people take it as an act against filial piety. What is youropinion? Is it appropriate for younger generations to send their parents to nursing homes? Write an essayabout 500 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second par