2019江苏大学863 《英语写作与翻译》考试大纲.docx
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试自命题科目英语写作与翻译考试大纲一、考查目标全国硕士研究生入学统一考试自命题科目英语写作与翻译考试是为我校招收外国语言文学硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的考试科目。其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生是否具备攻读该专业所必须的基本素质、一般能力和培养潜能,以选拔具有发展潜力的优秀人才入学,培养具有较强分析与解决实际问题能力的高层次、应用型、复合型外语人才。本科目考试的一般要求:1. 掌握较高的英语语法知识与技能;2. 掌握不少于 10000 个英语词汇,其中能够灵活应用的词汇应不少于 5000;3. 具有较强的英语综合应用能力;4. 具有较强的英语理解能力、英汉互译能力、英语写作能力与汉语书面表达能力;5. 具有较好的逻辑思维能力。二、考试形式和试卷结构(一)试卷满分及考试时间试卷满分为 150 分,考试时间 180 分钟。(二)答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试,不允许携带字典。(三)试卷内容、题型结构与说明本科目共有翻译与写作两大部分,具体包括 4 种题型:1. 英译汉 将一篇中高难度、长约 200 字的英文文章或节选片段译成汉语,多为描写或议论性文字,要求理解正确,汉语表达到位、地道,分值为 35,用时约 40 分钟。2. 汉译英将一篇中高难度、长约 400 字的汉语文章或节选片段译成中文,多为叙述或议论性文字,要求语法正确、用词切当、表达得体,分值为 40,用时约 45 分钟。3. 读后续写续写一篇后半部分略去的英文文章(一般带有一定的情节) ,要求内容承接前文(文体也需与所提供前段文字一致) 、后续(逻辑或情节)合理、结构完整、语言表达准确。所续长度约为 200 字,分值为 25,用时约 35 分钟。4. 英文命题作文或情景作文以议论或叙述文体为主,题干一般有一定的情境要求,偏重分析思辨类型,要求写出结构合理、思路清晰、语言准确、表达得体,具有一定思想深度的文章,字数约 500,分值为 50,用时约 60 分钟。三、考查内容1. 翻译实践能力、理解能力和翻译技巧;2. 英语写作能力;3. 逻辑思辨能力。四、参考书目本科目考试不指定参考。英语写作与翻译样卷及参考答案Part I Put the following excerpt into Chinese. (40 mins, 35 points)I have known very few writers, but those who I have known, and whom I respected, confess at once that they have little idea where they are going when they first set pen to paper. They have a character, perhaps two; they are in that condition of eager discomfort which passes for inspiration; all admit radical changes of destination once the journey has begun; one to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the whole thing in the Scottish Highlands. I never heard of anyone making a “skeleton”, as we were taught at school. In the breaking and remaking, in the timing, interweaving, beginning afresh, the write comes to discern things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began. This organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery, is of an indescribable fascination. A blurred image appears; he adds a brushstroke and another, and it is gone; but something was there, and he will not rest till he has captured it. Sometimes the yeast within a writer outlives a book h has written. 参考译文:我所认识的作家,寥寥无几。然而,凡是我所认识、所尊敬的作家,爽快坦言:每当他们动笔时,其文章意向导致何方,他们心中并无多少概念。典型人物,他们或有一二;他们似有灵感、焦灼难抑。他们无不承认,一旦“旅程”开始,目的地每有剧变。据我了解,有位作家,把九个月时光用在了一本有关克什米尔的小说上,后来却把整个故事背景换成了苏格兰高地。我从未听说有哪位作家,像我们现今学校里教的那样,写过什么“提纲”。 作家在思路中断、进行修改的时,在安排时间、糅合内容、重起炉灶的时,逐步领悟自己题材中的内容,而这些东西,在他动笔之初心中并不了然。这种构思过程具有难以形容的魅力,常常瞬间触发不寻常的自我发现。心中意象或隐或现,他便勾勒一二,结果意象反而消失;不过某种意象确曾显现,所以不捕捉到手,他便心无宁日。有时书成之后,作家内心兴奋仍不见消散。Part II Put the following excerpt into English. (45 mins, 40 points)芸,我想,是中国文学上一个最可爱的女人。她并非最美丽,因为这书的作者,她的丈夫,并没有这样推崇,但是谁能否认她是最可爱的女人?她只是我们有时在朋友家中遇见的有风韵的丽人,因与其夫伉丽情笃,令人尽絶倾慕之念。我们只觉得世上有这样的女人是一件可喜的事,只愿认她是朋友之妻,可以出入其家,可以不邀自来和她夫妇吃中饭,或者当她与她丈夫促膝畅谈书画文学卤瓜之时,你们打瞌睡,她可以来放一条毛毡把你的脚腿盖上。也许古今都有这种女人,不过在芸身上,我们似乎看见这样贤达的美德特别齐全,一生中不可多得。你说谁不愿意和她夫妇,背着翁姑,偷往太湖,看她观玩洋洋万顷的湖水(而叹天地之宽),或者同她到万年桥(the Bridge of Ten Thousand Years )去赏月?而且假使她生在英国,谁不愿意陪她去参观伦敦博物馆,看她狂喜坠泪玩摩中世纪的彩金( illuminated) 抄本?因此,我说她是中国文学及中国历史上(因为确有其人)一个最可爱的女人,并非故甚其辞。参考译文:Yun, I think, is one of the loveliest women in Chinese literature. She is not the most beautiful, for the author, her husband, does not make that claim, and yet who can deny that she is the loveliest? She is just one of those charming women one sometimes sees in the homes of ones friends, so happy with their husbands that one cannot fall in love with them. One is glad merely to know that such a woman exists in the world and to know her as a friends wife, to be accepted in her household, to be able to come uninvited to her home for lunch, or to have her put a blanket around ones legs when one falls asleep while she is discussing painting and literature and cucumbers in her womanish manner with her husband. I dare say there are a number of such women in every generation, except that in Yun I seem to feel the qualities of a cultivated and gentle wife combined to a greater degree of perfection than falls within our common experience. For who would not like to go out secretly with her against her patents wish to the Taihu Lake and see her elated at the sight of the wide expanse of water, or watch the moon with her by the Bridge of Ten Thousand Years? And who would not like to go with her, if she were living in England, and visit the British Museum, where she would see the medieval illuminated manuscripts with tears of delight? Therefore, when I say that she is one of the loveliest women in Chinese literature and Chinese history - for she was a real person - I do not think I have exaggerated.Part III The second half of the following article has been intentionally left out. Please read its first half and then complete it with your imagination and creativity. The second half which you add to it should be around 200 words. (35 mins, 25 points)Whos WhoIt has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes(恶作剧)more than anyone else. Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the hoax(骗局、戏弄) . Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would indulge in. Students often create amusing situations which are funny to everyone except the victims.When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill(气动风钻)outside his university, he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill. As soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away, they were not to take them seriously. He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people. Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.The student hid in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on.参考续文:The student hid in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on. Sure enough, a policeman arrived on the scene and politely asked the workmen to go away. When he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen, he threatened to remove them by force. The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help. Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen. As the men refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill, the workmen struggled fiercely and one of them lost his temper. He threatened to call the police. At this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as they were already under arrest. Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station. Permission was granted. Only when the policemen saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did they realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax. Part IV Write a well-organized essay about 500 words on the following topic. You should give a title to your essay. (60 mins, 50 points)“Education is that which remains, if one has forgotten everything he learned in school.” Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not? Explain your reasons in detail.