2014电子科技大学翻译硕士英语真题.pdf
共11页 第1页 电子科技大学 2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 考试科目: 211 翻译硕士英语 注:无机读卡,所有答案必须写在答题纸上,写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。 Part I Grammar and we are left with a new set of gigantic puzzles, cosmic uncertainties, and ambiguities. Some of the laws of physics are amended every few years; some are canceled outright; some undergo revised versions of legislative intent as if they were acts of Congress. Just thirty years ago we call it a biological revolution when the fantastic geometry of the DNA molecule was exposed to public view and the linear language of genetics was decoded. For a while, things seemed simple and clear: the cell was a neat little machine, a mechanical device ready for taking to pieces and reassembling, like a tiny watch. But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond todays imagining. It is not just that there is more to do, there is everything to do. What lies ahead, or what can lie ahead if the efforts in basic research are continued, is much more than the conquest of human disease or the improvement of agricultural technology or the cultivation of nutrients in the sea. As we learn more about fundamental processes of living things in general we will learn more about ourselves. 41. What CANNOT be inferred from the first paragraph? A) Scientific experiments in the past three hundred years have produced many valuable items. B) For three hundred years there have been people holding a hostile attitude toward science. C) Modern civilization depends on science so man supports scientific progress unanimously. D) Some people think three hundred years is not long enough to set back for critical appraisal of scientific method. 42. The principle discovery in this century shows _. A) man has overthrown Newtons laws of physics B) man has solved a new set of gigantic puzzles C) man has lost many scientific discoveries D) man has given up some of the once accepted theories 43. Now scientists have found in the past few years _. A) the exposure of DNA to the public is unnecessary B) the tiny cell in DNA is a neat little machine C) man knows nothing about DNA 共11页 第8页 D) man has much to learn about DNA 44. The writers main purpose in writing the passage is to say that _. A) science is just at its beginning B) science has greatly improved mans life C) science has made profound progress D) science has done too little to human beings 45. The writers attitude towards science is _. A) critical B) approving C) neutral D) regretful TEXT D All societies have distinct role expectations for men and for women. In the United States these expectations have been undergoing change for many decades. Today Americans live in a world of diverse family patterns and conflicting images of ideal life styles for men and women. The conventional norms of the first half century defined a successful woman as a wife and mother who stayed home to carry out a full array of household duties. The husband and father was expected to stay away from the home most of the day, earning enough money to pay the bills. Many adults still live by these expectations, but the traditional pattern is no longer held up as an ideal to be followed by everyone. Times have changed; there is no return to yesterday. Although the womens movement and political controversies about such issues and the Equal Rights Amendment and sexual harassment suggest that changing sex roles is a recent issue, this is far from the case. Broad trends can be identified over the past hundred years. Women have increased their participation in the labor force from 18% in 1900 to over 50% today, and they give birth to fewer children than women did in the past. These two trends increasing participation in the labor force and decreasing family size suggest that major long-term changes have restructured the role expectations of men and women. These changes are complex. The fact that more women are joining the labor force as full-time workers does not mean that a single sex role pattern is emerging. On the contrary, we are living in a period of diverse family patterns. According to Kathleen Gerson,“the domestic woman who builds her life around children and homemaking persists, but she now co-exists with a growing number of working mothers and permanently childless women.” Women today face hard choices as they make decisions about work, career, and motherhood. Despite womens liberation, women still earn less than men in the work place and are still expected to do most of the work in the home. Women work substantially more hours each week in the home and at the workplace than men do. Women are working harder than ever, yet many do not enjoy the benefits of full equality. 共11页 第9页 46. The traditional roles for men and women _. A) are diverse B) are conflicting C) have been changing D) are no longer followed 47. Changing sex roles is not a recent issue because _. A) women have increased their participation in the labor force over the past hundred years B) more and more women are becoming working mothers or childless women C) the conventional image of women has changed beyond recognition D) people have changed their expectations of women in modern society 48. The fact that more women are joining the labor force as full time workers mean that _. A) women are becoming more independent B) the family patterns are becoming diverse C) a single-role pattern is emerging D) women are eager to work 49. Its stated in the last paragraph that _. A) women today still suffer from inequality in work and life B) womens liberation has promoted their social status C) the society expects more from women than from men D) women are more capable and diligent than men 50. According to this passage, the statement which is NOT true is _. A) many people still follow the conventional norms of life style B) women today give birth to fewer children than women in the past C) more and more women choose to work rather than to be housewives D) men do as much domestic work as women do at home TEXT E Consumers are to be presented with two rival new year advertising campaigns as the Food Standards Agency goes public in its battle with the industry over the labelling of unhealthy foods. The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red, amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs, which is designed to tackle Britains obesity epidemic. The campaign is a direct response to a concerted attempt by leading food manufacturers and retailers, including Kelloggs and Tesco, to derail the system. The industry fears that traffic lights would demonise entire categories of foods and could seriously damage the market for those that are 共11页 第10页 fatty, salty or high in sugar. The UK market for breakfast cereals is worth1.27bn a year and the manufacturers fear it will be severely dented if red light labels are put on packaging drawing attention to the fact that the majority are high in salt and/or sugar. The industry is planning a major marketing campaign for a competing labelling system which avoids colour-coding in favour of information about the percentage of “guideline daily amounts”(GDAs) of fat, salt and sugar contained in their products. The battle for the nations diet comes as new rules on television advertising come into force in January which will bar adverts for unhealthy foods from commercial breaks during programmes aimed at children. Sources at the TV regulators are braced for a legal challenge from the industry and have described the lobbying efforts to block any new ad ban or colour-coded labelling as “the most ferocious weve ever experienced”. Ofcoms chief executive, Ed Richards, said: “We are prepared to face up to any legal action from the industry, but we very much hope it will not be necessary.” The FSA said it was expecting an onslaught from the industry in January. Senior FSA officials said the manufacturers efforts to undermine its proposals on labelling could threaten the agencys credibility. Terrence Collis, FSA director of communications, dismissed claims that the proposals were not based on science. “We have some of the most respected scientists in Europe, both within the FSA and in our independent advisory committees. It is unjustified and nonsensical to attack the FSAs scientific reputation and to try to undermine its credibility.” The FSA is understood to have briefed its ad agency, United, before Christmas, and will aim to air ads that are “non-confrontational, humorous and factual“ as a counterweight to industrys efforts about the same time. The agency, however, will have a tiny fraction of the budget available to the industry. Gavin Neath, chairman of Unilever UK and president of the Food and Drink Federation, has said that the industry has made enormous progress but could not accept red “stop“ signs on its food. Alastair Sykes, chief executive of Nestl UK, said that under the FSA proposals all his companys confectionery and most of its cereals would score a red. “Are we saying people shouldnt eat confectionery? Were driven by consumers and what they want, and much of what we do has been to make our products healthier,” he said. Chris Wermann, director of communications at Kelloggs, said: “In principle we could never accept traffic light labelling.” The rival labelling scheme introduced by Kelloggs, Danone, Unilever, Nestl, Kraft and Tesco and now favoured by 21 manufacturers, uses an industry-devised system based on identifying GDAs of key nutrients. Tesco says it has tested both traffic lights and GDA labels in its stores and that the latter increased sales of healthier foods. But the FSA said it could not live with this GDA system alone because it was “not scientific” or easy for shoppers to understand at a glance.