2021西藏大学考研最新消息:2021考研英语:语法长难句之定语从句和状语从句.docx
新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/藏大考研辅导班:2021 西藏大学考研最新消息:2021考研英语:语法长难句之定语从句和状语从句摘要:今天带来的是定语从句和状语从句的内容,语法很重要,大家要认真学习,打好考研英语的基础。记得收藏起来哦第一部分:定语从句一、理论常识在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句。结构:先行词+关系词( 分为关系副词和关系代词 )+从句关系代词(that , who , which , whose , as)关系副词(when , where , why , how)新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/定语从句分为限制性定语从句及非限制定语从句,限定从直接放在先行词后,非限定从与先行词之间要加逗号。二、试题举例例句 1:The Aswan Dam , for example , stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity .【重点词汇解析】deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物;silt,n. 淤泥 v. (使)淤塞【参考翻译】例如,阿斯旺大坝阻止了尼罗河的洪水侵袭,但是也夺去了埃及的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥-这一切换来的却是一个巨大的病态的水库,这个水库积满了淤泥,以至于几乎不能发电了。例句 2:The second , by Joshua Greenberge , takes a more empirical 新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/approach to universality , identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages , which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints . (2012,49)【重点词汇解析】empirical ,adj. 经验主义的;result from 由造成;cognitive,adj. 认知的【参考翻译】第二个为此做出努力的人是约书亚格林伯格,他采用经验主义的方法来研究普遍性,确认多种语言(尤其是语序方面的)共同特征,这些特征被认为是体现了由于认知局限性而带来的偏见。例句 3:His function is analogous to that of a judge , who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision . (2006,47)【重点词汇解析】analogous,adj. 类似的;reveal,vt. 揭露;reason,n. 理由 v. 推论【参考翻译】他的职责类似于法官的职责,后者必须承担起这样的责任:用尽可能明显的方式来揭示让他做出决定的推理过程。新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/第二部分:状语从句一、理论常识状语从句,属于副词性从句,简单说就是从句在句子中担任状语,分为时间、目的、地点、条件、方式、让步、比较、结果、原因 9 种状语从句。时间引导词:when , after , before , while , until , till , since , as soon as , everytime , the moment 等地点引导词:where , wherever 等原因引导词:because , since=now that , as 等条件引导词:if , whether , unless , as long as ,on condition that , providing that 等结果引导词:so / such . that , so 等新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/目的引导词:in order that , so that 等让步引导词:though , although , however , whatever=no matter what even if , even though , as (倒装) 等方式引导词:as , as if 等比较引导词:than , as . as , the more . , the more . 等二、试题举例例句 1:While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role , informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a childs development .新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/【重点词汇解析】transmit,vt. 传输、传播 vi. 传输、发射信号;(in)formal,adj. (非)正式的【参考翻译】尽管正式的学习过程是由挑选出来担当此角色的教师来进行的,非正式的学习过程却是作为孩子成长的自然一部分而完成的。例句 2:While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others , and thus lead to conflict , it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable , although competition is .【重点词汇解析】territory,n. 领土、版图;expense,n. 代价、损失 vt. 向收取费用;inevitable,adj. 不可避免的【参考翻译】虽然这种竞争会引发以他人利益为代价的领土扩张行动,因此也会引发冲突,但却不能认为类似于战争的国家间的冲突不可避免,尽管竞争是不可避免的。例句 3:新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed , this need not always be the case .【重点词汇解析】favor ,vt. 喜欢、赞成 n. 喜爱【参考翻译】尽管迄今为止互联网似乎更加青睐国际社会中的发达领域,而非不太发达的领域,情形并不总是如此。