2020年考研英语一模拟题(二).pdf
12020年考研英语一模拟题(二)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Every human being has unique arrangement of skin on his fingers and this arrangement isunchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the 1_ of finger-prints and discovered that no 2_similar pattern is 3 _from parents to children, 4 _nobody knows why this is the 5_ .The ridge 6_ on a person finger doesnt change 7_ growth and is not affected by 8_ injuries.Burns, cuts and other damages to the 9 _part of the skin will be replaced 10_ by a new one which bearsthe reproduction of the 11_ pattern. It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement willbe 12_ Some criminals make use of this to 13_ their own finger-prints 14_ this is a dangerous and rarestep to 15 _.Finger-prints can be made very easily with a printers ink. They can be recorded easily. Withspecial method, 16_ can be achieved successfully within a short time. 17_ the simplicity and economyof this system, finger-print have often been used as a method of solving criminal cases. A18_ man maydeny the charge but this may be 19_ . His finger-prints can prove who he is even his 20_ has beenchanged by age or accident.1. A. uselessness B. quantity C. magnitude D. uniqueness2. A. naturally B. exactly C. especially D. particularly3. A. passed on B. passed away C. passed out D. passed off4. A. if B. when C. though D. as5. A. reasonB. cause C. ground D. case6. A. construction B. structure C. location D. position7. A. with B. because of C. until D. under8. A. grave B. severe C. substantial D. superficial9. A. outside B. outward C. inner D. outer10. A. in time B. on time C. at times D. behind time11. A. original B. different C. definite D. customary12. A. restored B. hurt C. destroyed D. restricted13. A. diminish B. dispose C. undermine D. remove214. A. and B. but C. when D. if15. A. make B. take C. do D. adapt16. A. realization B. detection C. identification D. investigation17.A. In spite of B. Irrespective of C. Because of D. In case of18. A. suspected B. doubted C. distrusted D. doubtful19. A. out of case B. in vain C. at random D. in question20. A. look B. expression C. appearance D. sightSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer thequestions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1When I was a kid, I never knew what my parentsor anyone else'sdid for a living. Asfar as I could tell, all grownups had mysterious jobs that involved drinking lots of coffee andarguing about Richard Nixon. If they had job-related stress, they kept it private. NowAmerican families are expected to be more intimate. While this has resulted in a lot morehugs, “I love you's,” and attendance at kids' football games, unfortunately we parents alsoinsist on sharing the frustrations of our work lives.While we have complained about our jobs or fallen asleep in car-pool lines, our childrenhave been noticing. They are worried about us. A new survey, ”Ask the children ,“conductedby the Families and Work Institute of New York City, queried more than 1, 000 kids betweenthe ages of 8 and 18 about their parents' work lives. “If you were granted one wish to changethe way your parents' work affected your life,” the survey asked kids, “what would that wishbe?” Most parents assumed that children would want more time with them, but only 10% did.Instead, the most common wish (among 34%) was that parents would be less stressed andtired by work.Allison Levin is the mother of three young children and a professional in the growingfield of “work/life quality”. Levin counsels employees who are overwhelmed by their workand family obligations to carefully review their commitments-not only at the office but at3home and in the community tooand start paring them down. “It's not about getting upearlier in the morning so you can get more done,” she says. “It's about saying no and makingchoices.”We can start by leaving work, and thoughts of work, behind as soon as we start the triphome. Do something to get yourself in a good mood, like listening to music, rather thanreturning calls on the cell phone. When you get home, change out of your work clothes, letthe answering machine take your calls, and stay away from e-mail. When your kids ask aboutyour day, tell them about something good that happened. (In the survey, 69% of moms saidthey liked their work, but only 42% of kids thought their mothers really did.)Parents can also de-stress by cutting back on their children's activities. If keeping up withyour kid's schedule is killing you, insist that he choose between karate lessons and the theatertroupe. Parents should also sneak away from work and family occasionally to have some fun.I keep a basketball in the trunk of my can. I might never be able to fix everything at work orat home, but at least I can work on my jump shot.21. Which of the following sentences can be the best title of this passage? A. Kids Say: ChillB. Kids Stress ParentsC. Parents Complain about workD. Parents Get in Good Mood22. The author mentions her own childhood experience to show that_.A. she never understood why her parents had odd jobs and argued about the presidentB. she didn't know what her parents did to earn money to support the family when she wasyoung C. she did understand why the American became more and more close and hugged alotD. she could see that the American parents keep the stress and tiredness from work tothemselves23. We can infer from the second paragraph that nowadays the children_.A. are very anxious about their parents for their hard workB. are looking forward to being with their parentsC. are very considerate about their parentsD. are very ambitious to change their parents' work24. The phrase “paring them down” in the third paragraph most likely means_.A. gathering the work and family duties togetherB. matching the work quality to life qualityC. decreasing the defeating commitmentsD. denying to fulfill their work and family obligations25. Which of the following is not the way to de-stress the parents' heavy burden?A. Forgetting about the job as soon as leaving the office.4B. Reducing participating the activities for the office.C. Sharing with the children some happy experience.D. Taking part more actively in community activities.Text 2There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear injournals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of therequirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formatsdiffer from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. Wewill now briefly describe them.The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or editedcollections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on themain features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (often referred to as“background”), procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts,and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion).The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intendedreaders (research or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of thebackground and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read bypractitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research,while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used tocollect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used foranalyzing the data. It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articlessubmitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment andrecommend whether they should be published or not.The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students writeas part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student isexpected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined andevaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose andsignificance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailedinformation as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, adescription of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form ofconclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process ofthe research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student's ability tocarry out research.5The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars andcolloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar tothe research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing onthe most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompanythe presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oralreport will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, andwhether they are researchers or practitioners.26. The best title for this passage could be_. A. Types of Research ReportsB. Types of Journal ArticlesC. Writing of research ReportsD. Writing of Different Articles27. The common aspect for the journal articles, these and conference papers lies inthat_.A. they are all for the practitionersB. they are all to be read by researchersC. they are all for being publishedD. they are all forms of reporting research28. We can distinguish those research reports from each other mainly through_.A. their writing style and lengthB. their aims and possible audiencesC. their presented places and timeD. their content and purposes29. Which of the following statements is not mentioned in this passage?A. Both journal articles and conference papers are reported in a brief and informative way.B. All the theses or dissertations and conference papers are reported in spoken languages.C. Both the journal articles and conference papers are influenced greatly by the intendedreceivers.D. The various formats of research reports may be presented in different ways.30. How can a professor evaluate a student's capability of implementing the research?A. By concentrating on the main factors like the purpose, background, procedures anddisscussion.6B. By emphasizing the practical implications and recommendations of the research.C. By focusing on the detailed description of the process of the research such as the tools,procedures, the process of data analysis, the results, and conclusions etc.D. By noticing the detailed method used to collect the data, the construction of the datacollection procedures, the techniques for analyzing the date and results etc.Text 3What do consumers really want? That's a question market researchers would love to answer. Butsince people don't always say what they think, marketers would need direct access to consumers'thoughts to get the truth.Now, in a way, that is possible. At the “Mind of the Market” laboratory at Harvard BusinessSchool, researchers are looking inside shoppers' skulls to develop more effective advertisements andmarketing pitches. Using imaging techniques that measure blood flow to various parts of the brain, theHarvard team hopes to predict how consumers will react to particular products and to discover the mosteffective ways to present information. Stephen Kosslyn, a professor of psychology at Harvard, andbusiness school professor Gerald Zaltman, oversee the lab. “The goal is not to manipulate peoples'preferences,” says Kosslyn, “just to speak to their actual desires.” The group's findings, though stillpreliminary, could radically change how firms develop and market new products.The Harvard group use position emission topography (PET) scans to monitor the brain activity.These PET scans, along with other non-invasive imaging techniques; enable researchers to see whichparts of the brain are active during specific tasks (such as remembering a worD. Correlations havebeen found between blood flow to specifc areas and future behavior. Because of this, Harvardresearchers believe the scans can also predict future purchasing patterns. According to an unpublishedpaper the group produced, “It is possible to use these techniques to predict not only whether peoplewill remember and have specific emotional reactions to certain materials, but also whether they will beinclined to want those materials months later.”7The Harvard group is now moving into the next stage of experiments. They will explorehow people remember advertisements as part of an effort to predict how they will react to aproduct after having seen an ad. The researchers believe that once key areas of the brain areidentified, scans on about two dozen volunteers will be enough to draw conclusions about thereactions of specific segments of the population. Large corporations-including Coca Cola,Eastman Kodak, General Motors, and Hallmark-have already signed up to fund furtherinvestigations.For their financial support, these firms gain access to the experiments but cannot controlthem. If Kosslyn and Zaltman and their team really can read the mind of the market, thenconsumers may find it even harder to get those advertising jingles out of their heads.31.Which of the following statements can be the best title for this passage? A. Reading theMind of the MarketB. Controlling the Consumers' PreferencesC.Finding Out the Way to Predict D. Improving the Styles of Advertising32. Why do the Harvard researchers use scientific technology in the experiments?A. Because they don't believe the surveys done by the marketers can lead to the truth.B. Because they are asked by the marketers to find a direct way to read the consumers'thoughts.C. Because they want to find out how the ads influence people's brain activity and emotionalresponses etc.D. Because they expect that their experiments can basically alter the marketing strategies ofproducts.33. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?A. Sometimes people will conceal what they think when being questioned by the marketresearchers.B. Stephen Kosslyn and Gerald Zaltman overlook the experiments and criticize the purpose ofthe study.C. Harvard researchers have found the corresponding relations between people's brain and8behavior.D. There are many large organizations endorsing and financing the Harvard group's furtherinvestigation.34. What does “to speak to” in the last sentence of the second paragraph mean?A. to talk to B. to say to C. to communicate to D. to respond to35. The las